This research explores the origin, structure, and cultural significance of phraseological units—fixed or semi-fixed word combinations such as idioms, proverbs, and collocations. The study examines how these expressions are formed, how their meanings evolve over time, and how etymology and cultural context shape their usage. Through a combination of linguistic analysis, historical investigation, and cross-cultural comparison, the work highlights the importance of phraseology in language learning, translation, and intercultural communication. Special focus is placed on cognitive and cultural mechanisms underlying their formation and the impact of loanwords and semantic shifts.