Waste generation in India is a significant issue, with 62 million tonnes of annual waste, including 5.6 million tonnes of plastic waste, 0.17 million tonnes of biomedical waste, 7.90 million tonnes of hazardous waste, and 1.5 million tonnes of e-waste. Per capita waste generation in Indian cities ranges from 200 grams to 600 grams per day. Only about 75-80% of municipal waste is collected, and only 22-28% of this waste is processed and treated. It is projected that by the year 2031, MSW generation in India will increase to 165 million tonnes and to 436 million tons by 2050. Without proper treatment, it will require 1240 hectares of land per the current waste disposal rate.