Sotsiolingvistika is a scientific field that studies the influence of social factors (class, gender, age, ethnicity, social networks) on language. It evolved into an independent direction in the mid-20th century; in 1959, Ferguson introduced the diglossia concept, while in the 1960s-70s, William Labov developed variationology. Subsequently, code-switching, language policy, language planning, and language preservation issues shifted to central topics. In the 21st century, sociolinguistics analyzes the impact of globalization, migration, and digital communications